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<h4>Java Notes For Quick Reference!</h4>
1. // [comment] Single line comment.
2. /* [comment] */ Multi line comment.
3. public This can be imported publically.
4. import [object].* Imports everything in object.
5. static Going to be shared by every [object].
6. final Cannot be changed; common to be defined with all uppercase.
7. double Integer with numbers that can have decimals.
8. ; Put after every command.
9. String Just a string of characters.
10. Private Can only be changed by a method.
11. int Can store numbers from 2^-31 to 2^31.
12. fields are attributes
13. boolean Can have true or false as the value.
14. { } These are used to start and end a function, class, etc.
15. byte These can store from -127 - 128.
16. long Can store numbers from 2^127 to 2^-127.
17. char Just lets you put in one chracter.
18. double 64-bit number with decimals.
19. float 32-bit number with decimals.
20. protected Can only be accessed by other code in the package.
21. Scanner This lets you get user input.
22. new [object constructor] This will let you create a new object.
23. System.in This lets you get data from the keyboard.
24. public [class]() This will be the constructor, you use it to create new objects.
25. super() This will create the superclass (the class it's inheriting).
26. extends [class] Makes the object a subclass of [object], [object] must be a superclass.
27. ++ Will increment the amount.
28. -- Will decrement the amount.
29. += [amount] Increment by [amount]
30. -= [amount] Decrement by [amount]
31. *= [amount] Multiply by [amount]
32. /= [amount] Divide by [amount]
33. System.out.println([text]) Will print something to the output console.
34. + Can be used for concatenation. (ex. "6" + [var_here])
35. public static void main(String[] args) This is your main function and your project will start in here.
36. System.out.print([text]) This prints stuff but there is no line break. (/n)
37. \n Called a line break; will print a new line.
38. \t This will print a tab.
39. if ([condition]) This will make it so if [condition] is true then it'll keep going.
40. &amp;&amp; This means and.
41. ! This means not.
42. || This means or.
43. == This means equal to.
44. &lt; This means less than.
45. &gt; This means greater than.
46. &gt;= This means greater than or equal to.
47. [inputVarHere].hasNextLine() This will return if there is a next line in the input.
48. this Refer to the class that you are in.
49. [caller].next[datatype]() This will get the [datatype] that you somehow inputted.
50. Create getters and setters This will create the get methods and set methods for every checked variable.
51. [caller].hasNext[datatype]() This will return if it has the correct datatype within the input.
52. overloading If you have different parameters you can call them whatever way you want.
53. parameters These are the inputs of your function.
54. ([datatype])[variable] This will convert [variable] into [datatype]. Also known as casting.
55. Math.random() Generate an extremely percise string of numbers between 0 and 1.
56. Primitives Just the basic data types which are not objects.
57. [x].toString() Will convert [x] into a string.
58. [number].parse[numbertype]([string]) This will parse [number] into the [numbertype] with [string].
59. ^ Return true if there is one true and one false.
60. != Not equal too. (NEQ)
61. ([condition]) ? [amount] : [var] This will be like a shortcut way to an if statement.
62. switch([variable]) This will do stuff with specific cases. (e.g. switch(hi){ case 2: (do stuff)})
63. case [value]: This will do stuff if the case is the case.
64. break Put that when you want to leave the loop/switch; should be at end of case.
65. default [value]: This will do stuff if none of the cases in the switch statement was made.
66. for ([number]; [condition]; [operation]) This will start at [number] and then do [operation] until [condition] is met.
67. continue This will just go back to the enclosing loop before reaching other code.
68. while ([condition]) This will basically do something while [condition] is true.
69. void This means no return type.
70. return This will return something when you call it to where it was called from .
71. do { } while ([condition]) Guarantees it will execute once even if [condition] isn't met.
72. printf("%[type] stuff here bah bla", [variable here]) This will let you use [variable here] with %s being where.
73. System.out.printf([text]) Another way to print? // didn't quite get but ok then
74. [type] [returntype] [name]([parameters]) { This is a way to create a method.
75. [type][[indexes]] This will create an array with [indexes] amount of indexes; default infinite.
76. int[] something = new int[20]; This will just make an array of ints with 20 ints in it.
77. for ([object] [nameOfObject] : [arrayOfObject]) { This will iterate through all of the arrayOfObject with object in use incrementing by 1 until done.
78. [object][[1]][[2]][[3]] [name] = {[value] [value] [value] \n [value] [value] [value]} [1] is how many down in array, [2] how many accross in array, [3] how many groups
79. .length This will get how long something is, text, amount of indexes in array, etc.
80. Arrays.copy0f([array], indexes); This will copy the array and how many indexes into another array.
81. Arrays.toString([array]) Convert the whole array into one huge string.
82. Arrays.binarySearch([array], [object]) This will search for [object] in [array].<h4>Code as described/written in the video</h4>
<pre class='language-java'><code>package com.codewithharry;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main {

 static int sum(int a, int b){
 return a+b;
 }

 public static void main(String[] args) {
	 // Write your code here
// System.out.println("Hello World");
 /* Variables
 Just Like:
 -Water - Bucket
 -Masala - box
 -Lunch - LunchBox
 In Java:
 Variables are containers which store data values
 String, int, float, char, boolean
 How to declare variables:
 syntax - &lt;dataType&gt; &lt;variableName&gt; = &lt;value&gt;;
 */
 String name = "Harry";
 String channel = "CodeWithHarry";
// System.out.println(name);
// System.out.println(name.length());
// System.out.println(name.toUpperCase());
// System.out.println(name.toLowerCase());
// System.out.println(name + " from\" " + channel);
// System.out.println(name + " from\\ " + channel);
// System.out.println(name + " from\t " + channel);
// System.out.println(name + " from\n " + channel);

// System.out.println(name.contains("Har"));
// System.out.println(name.charAt(2));
// System.out.println(name.endsWith("ry"));
// System.out.println(name.indexOf("rry"));

 int numb1 = 4, numb2 = 7;
// System.out.println(Math.max(numb1, numb2));
// System.out.println(Math.min(numb1, numb2));
// System.out.println(Math.sqrt(36));
// System.out.println(Math.abs(-36));
// System.out.println(Math.abs(6));
// System.out.println(Math.random());
// System.out.println(4+(8-4)*Math.random());
// System.out.println(4+(8-4)*Math.random());
// System.out.println(4+(8-4)*Math.random());
// System.out.println(4+(8-4)*Math.random());
// System.out.println(4+(8-4)*Math.random());


 int a = 45, x=56, y=67;
 float b = 45.22f;
 boolean isAdult = false;
// System.out.println(x);
// System.out.println(b);
// System.out.println(isAdult);

 /* Rules for constructing name of variables in Java
 1. Can contain digits, underscores, dollar signs, letters
 2. Should begin with a letter, $ or _
 3. Java is case sensitive language which means that
 harry and Harry are two different variables altogether.
 4. Should not contain whitespaces
 5. You cannot use reserved keywords from Java
 */
 /*
 Two types of Java Data Types:
 1. Primitive - byte (1 byte), short (2 bytes), int(4 bytes), long (8 bytes), float(4 bytes),
 double (8 bytes), boolean(1 bit), char (2 bytes).
 2. Non Primitive or Reference Data Type -
 */
 byte u = -56;
 double d = 45.635435345d;
// System.out.println(d);
 char grade = 'A';
// System.out.println(grade);

 /* Operators in Java

 Operand, operator, Operand = Result
 4 + 7 = 11

 Types of operators in Java
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Logical Operators
 Comparison Operators
 */
 int num1 = 45, num2=78;
 num1 += 3;
 num2 -= 8;
 // Explore these operators - *=, /=, %=
// System.out.print("The value of num1 + num2 is ");
// System.out.println(num1 + num2);
//
// System.out.print("The value of num1 - num2 is ");
// System.out.println(num1 - num2);
//
// System.out.print("The value of num1 * num2 is ");
// System.out.println(num1 * num2);
//
// System.out.print("The value of num1 / num2 is ");
// System.out.println(num1 / num2);
//
// System.out.print("The value of num1 % num2 is ");
// System.out.println(num1 % num2);
// System.out.println(num2++);
// System.out.println(++num1);
// System.out.println(num1--);
// System.out.println(--num1);

 /*
 * Comparison Operators:
 * 1. == : checks for equality of two values
 * 2. != : checks if two values are not equal
 * 3. &lt;
 * 4. &gt;
 * 5. &lt;=
 * 6. &gt;=
 *
 * Logical Operators:
 * 1. && - Logical and operator - returns true only if both conditions are true
 * 2. || - Logical or operator - returns true if any one condition is true
 * 3. ! - Logical not - Reverse the result from true to false and vice versa
 * */

 // Taking user input in Java
// Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
// System.out.println("Enter Your Age");
// int age = scan.nextInt();
// System.out.println(input);

 // If-else conditionals
// if(age&gt;20){
//
// System.out.println("You are an adult");
// }
// else if(age&gt;5){
// System.out.println("You are not a kid");
//
// }
// else{
// System.out.println("You are a kid");
// }
 // Switch statement in Java

// switch (age){
// case 12:
// System.out.println("You are 12 years old");
// break;
// case 56:
// System.out.println("You are 56 years old");
// break;
// case 16:
// System.out.println("You are 16 years old");
// break;
// default:
// System.out.println("You did not match any of the cases");
// }
 // Quick Quiz: print sunday to saturday based on numbers 1 to 7 typed by the user

 // Loops
 /*
 While Loop
 while(condition){
 // This code will keep executing until the condition is true
 }
 */
// int i = 0;
// while(i&lt;100){
// System.out.println(i);
// i += 1;
// }

 /*
 Do While Loop
 do{
 // This code will keep executing until the condition is true
 }while(condition)
 */
// int j = 0;
// do{
// System.out.println(j);
// j += 1;
// }while(j&gt;100);

 /*
 For Loop
 for(st1;st2;st3){
 //Code to be executed
 }
 */
//
// for(int i=0;i&lt;=10;i++){
// if(i==2){
// continue;
// }
//// else{
//// System.out.println(i);
//// }
// System.out.println(i);
// }

 // Java Arrays
// int [] marks = {1,2,3,5};
// marks[3] = 34; // this will update marks[3]
// System.out.println(marks[0]);
// System.out.println(marks[3]);
//
// // Classical way to iterate an array
// for(int i=0;i&lt;marks.length;i++){
// System.out.println(marks[i]);
// }
// System.out.println("This is for each loop:");
//
// // For each loop
// for(int value:marks){
// System.out.println(value);
// }
//
// int [][] matrix = {{1,2,3},
// {4,5,6}};
// System.out.println(matrix[0][1]);
//
// String [] cars = {"Maruti Harry", "Maruti", "Suzuki", "Innova", "Ford Titanium"};
// for(String value:cars){
// System.out.println(value);
// }

 // Try - Catch
// String [] cars = {"Maruti Harry", "Maruti", "Suzuki", "Innova", "Ford Titanium"};
//
// try{
// System.out.println(cars[3]);
// }
// catch(Exception e){
// System.out.println(e);
// }
//
// System.out.println("Masoom");
// System.out.println(sum(5, 7));

 float number_1, number_2;
 System.out.println("Enter first number");

 Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
 number_1 = scan.nextFloat();

 System.out.println("Enter second number");
// Scanner scan2 = new Scanner(System.in);
 number_2 = scan.nextFloat();
 System.out.print("You have Entered ");
 System.out.print(number_1);
 System.out.print(" and ");
 System.out.println(number_2);
 String prompt = "Enter 0 for addition, 1 for " +
 "subtraction, 2 for multiplication and 3 for division";
 System.out.println(prompt);
 int input = scan.nextInt();
 switch (input){
 case 0:
 System.out.println("Adding these numbers");
 System.out.print("The result is: ");
 System.out.println(number_1 + number_2);
 break;

 case 1:
 System.out.println("Subtracting these numbers");
 System.out.print("The result is: ");
 System.out.println(number_1 - number_2);
 break;

 case 2:
 System.out.println("Multiplying these numbers");
 System.out.print("The result is: ");
 System.out.println(number_1 * number_2);
 break;

 case 3:
 System.out.println("Dividing these numbers");
 System.out.print("The result is: ");
 System.out.println(number_1 / number_2);
 break;

 default:
 System.out.println("Invalid input");

 }


 }
}

</code></pre>