<h2>Accessing Dictionary items:</h2>
&nbsp;
<h4>I. Accessing single values:</h4>
Values in a dictionary can be accessed using keys. We can access dictionary values by mentioning keys either in square brackets or by using get method.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info['name'])
print(info.get('eligible'))</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>Karan
True</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h4>II. Accessing multiple values:</h4>
We can print all the values in the dictionary using values() method.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info.values())</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>dict_values(['Karan', 19, True])</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h4>III. Accessing keys:</h4>
We can print all the keys in the dictionary using keys() method.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info.keys())</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'eligible'])</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h4>IV. Accessing key-value pairs:</h4>
We can print all the key-value pairs in the dictionary using items() method.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info.items())</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>dict_items([('name', 'Karan'), ('age', 19), ('eligible', True)])</code></pre>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Access Items

We can use the copy() method to copy the contents of one dictionary into another dictionary.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True, 'DOB':2003}
newDictionary = info.copy()
print(newDictionary)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True, 'DOB': 2003}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
Or we can use the dict() function to make a new dictionary with the items of original dictionary.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True, 'DOB':2003}
newDictionary = dict(info)
print(newDictionary)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True, 'DOB': 2003}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Copy Dictionaries

<h2>Adding items to dictionary:</h2>
There are two ways to add items to a dictionary.
<h3>I. Create a new key and assign a value to it:</h3>
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info)
info['DOB'] = 2001
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True}
{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True, 'DOB': 2001}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h3>II. Use the update() method:</h3>
The update() method updates the value of the key provided to it if the item already exists in the dictionary, else it creates a new key-value pair.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
print(info)
info.update({'age':20})
info.update({'DOB':2001})
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True}
{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 20, 'eligible': True, 'DOB': 2001}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;
<h2>Removing items from dictionary:</h2>
There are a few methods that we can use to remove items from dictionary.
&nbsp;
<h4>clear(): The clear() method removes all the items from the list.&nbsp;</h4>
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
info.clear()
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h4>pop(): The pop() method removes the key-value pair whose key is passed as a parameter.</h4>
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True}
info.pop('eligible')
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
<h4>popitem(): The popitem() method removes the last key-value pair from the dictionary.</h4>
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True, 'DOB':2003}
info.popitem()
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'age': 19, 'eligible': True}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
apart from these three methods, we can also use the del keyword to remove a dictionary item.&nbsp;
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True, 'DOB':2003}
del info['age']
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>{'name': 'Karan', 'eligible': True, 'DOB': 2003}</code></pre>
&nbsp;
If key is not provided, then the del keyword will delete the dictionary entirely.
Example:
<pre class="language-python"><code>info = {'name':'Karan', 'age':19, 'eligible':True, 'DOB':2003}
del info
print(info)</code></pre>
Output:
<pre class="language-markup"><code>NameError: name 'info' is not defined</code></pre>
&nbsp;
&nbsp;

Add/Remove Items